What Your LLM Doesn’t Know

How general-purpose AI subtly leads CEOs astray

I’ve been telling people to think of AI as a brilliant new college graduate. It has a degree in everything—at least everything a university knows how to teach. Ask Claude or ChatGPT or Gemini about finance, and it answers like a finance major. Ask it about marketing, and it answers like a marketing major. Ask it about operations, law, medicine, coding and it knows the answer. It walked out of “graduation” with more knowledge than any human could absorb in a lifetime.

But here’s the problem CEOs encounter with AI: There’s no degree for being a chief executive.

Not even in business schools. In these schools, you find specialization in functional areas. You can take classes in finance, marketing, operations, and organizational behavior. These produce graduates who are genuinely good at their chosen function.

What you will not find in business schools is a department that teaches the job of integrating all of this knowledge into a practical theory of the organization. This is the essence of …